[Evaluation and impact of omega-3 supplementation with a period of selective aerobic exercise on liver enzymes [AST-ALT] of active student girls]

Liver enzymes are among clinical and biochemical parameters reflecting liver function in muscle exercises and Aspartate amino transferase [AST] and Alanine aminotransferase [ALT] enzymes are indicators of liver damage in sporting activities. However, AST and ALT liver enzymes are affected by supplementation with omega-3. In the present study, the effects of omega-3 supplementation in combination with a selective aerobic activity on liver enzymes [AST and ALT] in trained female students were examined for 6 weeks. For this purpose, 32 person among Female students in physical education in Alzahra University, between age 22.5 +/- 1.2 years with a body mass index 21.59 +/- 1.2 kg/m2 were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control, supplements, exercise and supplementation with aerobic exercise group. AST and ALT measurements was done at pre-test and post-test. Data was analyzed using paired t-test, ANOVA and Paried t-test. The results showed that inter-group and between-group changes in AST values in some groups was significant. AST levels were significantly reduced in supplementation with aerobic exercise group whereas ALT levels were significantly increased in all groups except the control group, but no significant changes in ALT levels between the groups was seen. AST significant differences between the exercise group and supplementation with aerobic exercise group represent a possible beneficial effect of supplementation with aerobic exercise. This effect is probably due to changes in cell membrane fluidity, or changes in liver metabolism in the liver. Seems likely for decrease in ALT, longer time or higher doses are needed

[Effect of a course of aerobic exercise and consumption of vitamin d supplementation on respiratory indicators in patients with asthma]

Despite the use of exercise therapy in patients with respiratory disease such as asthma, some researchers have emphasized on taking supplementation as a therapeutic approach. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of a course of aerobic exercise and consumption of vitamin D supplementation [1000 IU] on respiratory indicators of patients with asthma. This study was designed as a quasi-experimental investigation on a total of 32 female asthmatic patients with a mean age of 20-30 years. Subjects were classified into four eight-person groups: 1- [AT+S] group which had both aerobic training and supplementation consumption; 2- Aerobic training [AT] group that only participated in exercise training; 3- Group [S] that only consumed vitamin D supplementation; 4- Control [C] Group that had neither aerobic training nor supplementation consumption. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Significant difference considered as p<0.05. In this study, there was a significant difference in post test [p<0.001] between groups in case of maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV], peak expiratory flow rate [PEF] and maximum expiratory flow at 75% vital capacity [FEF75%] and Maximum expiratory flow between 25% to 75% vital capacity [FEF25%-75%]. These indices increased in group AT and AT+S, whereas, they showed decrease in group S and C. Our results indicated that aerobic exercise together with consumption of vitamin D supplementation for 8 weeks could improve the pulmonary function and level of aerobic performance of asthmatic patients and could be considered as a part of pulmonary rehabilitation programs for asthmatic patients

effect of gender differences on the response of IL-6, IL-5, cortisol to single session of circuit resistance exercise in elite handball players

Very few studies have been done with regard to the gender differences of the immune system in responding to exercise, which generally do not control women's period cycle. Considering that levels of sex hormones differ during the menstrual cycle this study investigates the influence of gender differences on the response of IL-6, IL-15, cortisol and sex hormone to a single session of circuit resistance exercise in both male and female elite Handball players, while controlling CHECK on the women menstrual period cycles. The participants of the study were 12 elite Handball players, 5 men and 7 women. The circuit resistance exercise included 10 min warming, performing chest press, leg press, leg press, abdominal crunch, literal pull down, leg extension in 3 sets with 10 repetitions with 60% 1RM and 10 min cooling down. Pre, immediately and 2 hours post exercise, the blood samples were collected in order to measure IL-6, IL-15, cortisol, testosterone and estrogen levels. Results indicated that IL-6 concentration was different in the two groups after the exercise, which showed an increase in men and a decrease in women. There was no significant difference between the two groups IL-15 levels, but significant difference was observed between the two groups in cortisol, testosterone and estrogen levels. A single session of circuit resistance exercise resulted in different responses in the Immune system of men, in comparison with women

[ effect of endurance exercise on cardiac stress and exercise induced immune response in elite kayakers]

Biochemical and immunological investigations have indicated cardiac dysfunction and damage with changes in cardiac markers and inflammatory cytokines after endurance exercise. Therefore, there is a rational background to study the effect of cardiac pathophysiology during endurance exercise. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of endurance exercise on cardiac and inflammatory markers in elite kayakers. Male professional kayakers with mean age of 22.5 +/- 3.24 yr, mean weight 78.7 +/- 7.18 kg and mean height of 184 +/- 4.357cm participated in a quasi-experimental study. Participants kayakied 8000 meters with 75-80% heart rate for 60 minutes. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and three hours after a prolonged endurance kayaking. Repeated measures followed independ t-test used for statistical analysis. SPSS v>16 was used for analysis. NT-proBNP levels significantly increased [24.05 vs 19.362 pg/ml] [p<0.001] .The plasma IL-6 insignificantly decreased in response to prolonged endurance kayaking [0.755 to 0.74 pg/ml] [p=0.91]. There was no association between IL-6 and NT-proBNP levels after exercise. Exercise-induced increase in NT-proBNP may represent physiologic reaction under special conditions and seems to have no significant pathological effect in the athletes. Decreased IL-6 plasma levels did not indicate myocardial damage. Based on thge results of this study endurance exercise does not effect the cardiac dysfunction and structural myocardial damage